Entre tramas e fios: as controvérsias das transformações de significados e usos da lã de carneiro na Serra da Mantiqueira

This work is about development, knowledge and popular culture that involve the transformations of sheep wool worked in Serra da Mantiqueira. Based on the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), a research was carried out on the transformations in the uses and meanings of fiber from the 1980s onwards. To address these transformations, it was necessary to follow three objectives, the first being an oligoptic vision of sheep wool production in the Serra da Mantiqueira region, to trace its history in the region. The second consisted of identifying the human and non-human actors in the Mantiqueira networks and the third and last one, analyzing the sociotechnical network of sheep wool produced in Serra da Mantiqueira. The research used two networks that work with sheep's wool as an element that represents the cultural identity of their regions: Ave Lã and Mãostiqueiras. In a comparison between the two and briefly telling the history of sheep's wool in the Serra da Mantiqueira region; that more than a geographic connection, there is a cultural connection that permeates the economy of culture between the cities that cross the Sul de Minas and the State of São Paulo. As a methodological process, field research was carried out, interviews with artisans, artisans and sheep breeders and analysis of photographs and images sent by the artisans. The results consist of the cultural importance of sheep's wool for the Serra da Mantiqueira region, both on the cultural side and on the income generation side, both of which face the lack of public policies aimed at valuing local raw material, strengthening local economic development. In addition, still in the field of results, but focused on transformations, the most evident was related to the meaning of a local custom of working with sheep's wool for a "tradition" of the region, with a change of stages of the process in rituals and the second is related to the artifacts themselves, before they were covered, today they are smaller pieces, such as hats, scarves, gloves and decoration pieces.Esse trabalho é sobre desenvolvimento, saberes e cultura populares que envolvem as transformações da lã de carneiro trabalhada na Serra da Mantiqueira. A partir da Teoria Ator Rede (TAR), realizou-se uma pesquisa sobre as transformações dos usos e significados da fibra a partir da década de 1980. Para abordar essas transformações, foram necessários seguir três objetivos, sendo o primeiro realizar uma visão oligóptica da produção da lã de carneiro na região da Serra da Mantiqueira, para traçar sua história na região. O segundo consistiu em identificar os atores humanos e não-humanos nas redes mantiqueirenses e o terceiro e, último, analisar a rede sociotécnica da lã de carneiro produzida na Serra da Mantiqueira. A pesquisa utilizou duas redes que trabalham com a lã de carneiro como um elemento que representa a identidade cultural de suas regiões: Ave Lã e Mãostiqueiras. Em uma comparação entre as duas e contando brevemente a história da lã de carneiro na região da Serra da Mantiqueira; que mais do que uma ligação geográfica, há uma conexão cultural que perpassa a economia da cultura entre as cidades que cortam o Sul de Minas e o Estado de São Paulo. Como processo metodológico, realizou-se pesquisa de campo, entrevistas com artesãs, artesãos e criadores de ovinos e análises de fotografias e imagens enviadas pelas artesãs. Os resultados consistem na importância cultural da lã de carneiro para a região da Serra da Mantiqueira, tanto do lado cultural, quanto do lado da geração de renda, sendo que ambas enfrentam a ausência de políticas públicas que visem a valorização de matéria-prima local, fortalecendo o desenvolvimento econômico local. Além disso, ainda no campo dos resultados, mas voltados para as transformações, a mais evidente foi a relacionada ao significado de um costume local de trabalhar com a lã de carneiro para uma “tradição” da região, com uma alteração de etapas do processo em rituais e a segunda é a relacionada aos artefatos em si, antes eram cobertas, hoje, são peças menores, como gorros, cachecóis, luvas e peças de decoração

Advances in Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies

Advances in molecular biology are enabling rapid and efficient analyses for effective intervention in domains such as biology research, infectious disease management, food safety, and biodefense. The emergence of microfluidics and nanotechnologies has enabled both new capabilities and instrument sizes practical for point-of-care. It has also introduced new functionality, enhanced sensitivity, and reduced the time and cost involved in conventional molecular diagnostic techniques. This chapter reviews the application of microfluidics for molecular diagnostics methods such as nucleic acid amplification, next-generation sequencing, high resolution melting analysis, cytogenetics, protein detection and analysis, and cell sorting. We also review microfluidic sample preparation platforms applied to molecular diagnostics and targeted to sample-in, answer-out capabilities

Climbing walls, making bridges: children of immigrants’ identity negotiations through capoeira and parkour in Turin.

Capoeira and parkour are two different body practices which have gained worldwide attention in urban settings in the last few decades. The following paper will explore how capoeira and parkour relate to the construction of identity paths amongst children of immigrants between 12 and 20 in Turin, Italy. It will do so by looking at how such practices are used by young men of migrant origin to negotiate and perform narratives of self-worth, belonging and recognition within marginalising and excluding urban environments. This study acknowledges that social identifications are created, negotiated and (re)produced through bodily and spatial means and within networks of power relations. Following this premise, the insights proposed in this paper suggest that the ambivalent and fluid use of bodies and spaces implied by capoeira and parkour can represent a meaningful lens to understand the embodied and spatial identity negotiations enacted by participants in their daily lives. This theoretical perspective will illuminate the place that active bodies, spaces and leisure practices take in the negotiation of social identities, and dynamics of inclusion/exclusion, enacted by youth of migrant origin within early twenty-first century Turin cityscape

Essence coloniale d’une politique contemporaine: pour une approche fanonienne de la discrimination positive en France

The purpose of this article is to consider the trans-historic dimension of the discussions around positive discrimination in France with the aim to emphasize the origins and continuities of the phenomenon. Firstly, I consider how this practice of differentiation has a dialectic and contradictory relationship with the universalist and republican principles of France. I then demonstrate that some of the historical basis for this relatively recent policy are found in colonialism and slavery. Ultimately, I will face these issues from the vantage point of the concept of "reconnaissance" in Fanonian proposing an analysis through which positive discrimination is inscribed within a dynamic, not at all anachronistic, that insidiously reinforces and perpetuates the cultural and social hegemony of the traditional elites.[fr] Cet article a pour objectif de considérer la dimension transhistorique des discours qui entourent la discrimination positive en France afin de mettre l’accent sur les origines et continuités du phénomène. Il s’agira premièrement d’évoquer le rapport dialectique et contradictoire que cette pratique différentialiste entretient avec les principes universalistes et républicains de la France. Je montrerai par la suite que le colonialisme et l’esclavage constituent certains des fondements historiques de cette politique, pourtant relativement récente dans l’Hexagone. En dernière instance, cette problématique sera envisagée au prisme du concept de « reconnaissance » — dans son acception fanonienne — afin de proposer l’analyse selon laquelle la discrimination positive s’inscrit dans une dynamique — nullement anachronique — qui renforce et perpétue insidieusement l’hégémonie culturelle et sociale des élites traditionnelles

The 20 year evolution of dobutamine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Over the past 20 years, investigators world-wide have developed and utilized dobutamine magnetic resonance stress testing procedures for the purpose of identifying ischemia, viability, and cardiac prognosis. This article traces these developments and reviews the data utilized to substantiate this relatively new noninvasive imaging procedure

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

14 p.Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.Peer reviewe